Know Your Rights as a Patient
You have more rights than you may realize. Understanding them is the foundation of effective self-advocacy.
Patients in the United States have a set of fundamental rights that protect them in healthcare settings. These rights are grounded in federal law, state law, and hospital policies. Knowing them — and knowing how to exercise them — is one of the most powerful things you can do for your health.
The right to be informed
You have the right to receive complete, accurate information about your diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis in language you can understand. If you don't understand something, ask for it to be explained differently.
The right to informed consent
Before any procedure or treatment, you must be told what it involves, its risks and benefits, and what alternatives exist. You have the right to consent — or refuse — without pressure.
The right to refuse treatment
You can decline any treatment, medication, or procedure, even if your provider recommends it. Your provider should explain the consequences, but the decision is yours.
The right to a second opinion
You can seek a second opinion from another qualified provider at any time. This is especially important for serious diagnoses, major surgeries, or when you feel uncertain about a recommended course of action.
The right to access your medical records
Under HIPAA, you have the right to request and receive copies of your medical records. Providers must respond within 30 days. You can also request corrections to inaccurate information.
The right to privacy and confidentiality
Your health information is protected by law. Providers cannot share your information without your consent, with limited exceptions (such as public health reporting).
The right to be treated with dignity
You deserve respectful, non-discriminatory care regardless of your race, ethnicity, gender, age, disability, religion, or ability to pay.
The right to an interpreter
If English is not your primary language, you have the right to a qualified interpreter at no cost. This applies to hospitals and providers receiving federal funding.
The right to file a complaint
If you believe your rights have been violated, you can file a complaint with your state health department, The Joint Commission, or the HHS Office for Civil Rights.
Important note
This guide provides general health education information, not legal advice. Rights may vary by state and healthcare setting. If you believe your rights have been violated, consider consulting a patient advocate or legal professional.
Get more health advocacy tools by email
Optional — we'll send you related guides and resources. Unsubscribe any time.